Encapsulate collections

In general, Collections are not immutable objects. As such, one must often exercise care that collection fields are not unintentionally exposed to the caller.

One technique is to define a set of related methods which prevent the caller from directly using the underlying collection, such as:

Example 1
import java.util.*;

public final class SoccerTeam {

  public SoccerTeam(String teamName, String headCoachName){
    //..elided
  }

  public void addPlayer(Player player){
    players.add(player);
  }

  public void removePlayer(Player player){
    players.remove(player);
  }

  public Set<Player> getPlayers(){
    return Collections.unmodifiableSet(players);
  }

  //..elided

  // PRIVATE 
  private Set<Player> players = new LinkedHashSet<>();
  private String teamName;
  private String headCoachName;
} 
Example 2

BaseballTeam is an example of exposing the collection directly to the caller. This is not necessarily an incorrect design, but it's riskier, since the contents of the collection can be directly changed by both BaseballTeam and its caller:

import java.util.*;

public final class BaseballTeam {

  public BaseballTeam(String teamName, String headCoachName){
    //..elided
  }

  public void setPlayers(Set<Player> players){
    this.players = players;
  }

  public Set<Player> getPlayers(){
    return players;
  }

  //..elided

  // PRIVATE
  private Set<Player> players;
  private String teamName;
  private String headCoachName;
} 

See Also :
Defensive copying
Immutable objects